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Search for "chlorosulfonyl isocyanate" in Full Text gives 5 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Efficient and regioselective synthesis of dihydroxy-substituted 2-aminocyclooctane-1-carboxylic acid and its bicyclic derivatives
- İlknur Polat,
- Selçuk Eşsiz,
- Uğur Bozkaya and
- Emine Salamci
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 77–85, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.7
- . Results and Discussion Initially, we focused on the synthesis of β-lactam 2, which was prepared by the cycloaddition of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) to cis,cis-1,3-cyclooctadiene, as described in the literature [26]. β-Lactam 2 was transformed into cis-amino ester 3 by cleavage of the lactam ring with
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Examples of natural products containing β-amino acids.
Scheme 1: Synthesis of cyclic β-amino acid 6.
Scheme 2: Epoxidation of Boc-protected amino ester 4 and hydrolysis of epoxide 7 with HCl(g)–MeOH.
Scheme 3: Reaction of epoxide 7 with NaHSO4 in methylene chloride/MeOH.
Figure 2: The X-ray crystal structure of 10.
Scheme 4: Synthesis of cyclic β-amino acid derivative 8.
Scheme 5: Suggested mechanism for the reaction of epoxide 7 with NaHSO4.
Figure 3: Solvent-corrected relative free energy profile at 298.15 K for the reaction mechanism of 14 shown i...
Figure 4: Solvent-corrected relative free energy profile at 298.15 K for the reaction mechanism of 17 shown i...
Figure 5: The optimized geometries of the conformers 7a and 7b with selected interatomic distances at the B3L...
One-pot synthesis of oxazolidinones and five-membered cyclic carbonates from epoxides and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate: theoretical evidence for an asynchronous concerted pathway
- Esra Demir,
- Ozlem Sari,
- Yasin Çetinkaya,
- Ufuk Atmaca,
- Safiye Sağ Erdem and
- Murat Çelik
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1805–1819, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.148
- Technology, Oltu Vocational School, Atatürk University, 25400 Oltu, Erzurum, Turkey Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Goztepe Campus, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey 10.3762/bjoc.16.148 Abstract The one-pot reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) with epoxides having
- oxazolidinones and five-membered cyclic carbonates from various epoxides (7a–j) at room temperature without using any catalyst. After having identified the optimal conditions, various epoxides were treated with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate at room temperature to give mixtures of cyclic carbonates and oxazolidinones
- , Merck). General procedure for the synthesis of five-membered cyclic carbonates and oxazolidinones Epoxide 7a (500 mg, 4.54 mmol, 1 equiv) was dissolved in 20 mL dichloromethane. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C, and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI, 707 mg, 4.99 mmol, 1.1 equiv) was added. The
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Oxazolidinone (1), five-membered cyclic carbonate (2) and some important compounds containing an ox...
Scheme 2: Proposed mechanisms by Keshava Murthy and Dhar [41] and De Meijere and co-workers [42].
Figure 1: Possible pathways for the formation of oxazolidinone intermediates 10 and 11. Optimized transition ...
Figure 2: Potential energy profile related to the formation of oxazolidinone intermediates 10 and 11 at the P...
Figure 3: IRC calculated for the formation of (a) 10 and (b) 11 at M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level. I-1, I-15, I-35, ...
Figure 4: Optimized geometries for the stationary points for the formation of 10 at PCM(DCM)/M06-2X/6-31+G(d,...
Scheme 3: Proposed mechanisms for the formation of oxazolidinone 9f.
Figure 5: Potential energy profiles for paths 1a (blue), 1b (red), 2 (green) and relative Gibbs free energies...
Figure 6: Optimized geometries for the stationary points of path 1b at PCM(DCM)/M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p)//M06-2X/6-...
Scheme 4: Proposed mechanism for the formation of five-membered cyclic carbonate 8f.
Figure 7: Potential energy profile and relative Gibbs free energies (kcal/mol) in DCM related to the formatio...
Figure 8: Optimized geometries for the stationary points of step 1 for the formation of 16 at PCM(DCM)/M06-2X...
Figure 9: Optimized geometries for the stationary points of step 2 for the formation of 17 at PCM(DCM)/M06-2X...
Figure 10: Optimized geometries for the stationary points of step 3 for the formation of PC8 at PCM(DCM)/M06-2...
Recent advances on the transition-metal-catalyzed synthesis of imidazopyridines: an updated coverage
- Gagandeep Kour Reen,
- Ashok Kumar and
- Pratibha Sharma
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1612–1704, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.165
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Various drugs having IP nucleus.
Figure 2: Participation percentage of various TMs for the syntheses of IPs.
Scheme 1: CuI–NaHSO4·SiO2-catalyzed synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 2: Experimental examination of reaction conditions.
Scheme 3: One-pot tandem reaction for the synthesis of 2-haloimidazopyridines.
Scheme 4: Mechanistic scheme for the synthesis of 2-haloimidazopyridine.
Scheme 5: Copper-MOF-catalyzed three-component reaction (3-CR) for imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 6: Mechanism for copper-MOF-driven synthesis.
Scheme 7: Heterogeneous synthesis via titania-supported CuCl2.
Scheme 8: Mechanism involving oxidative C–H functionalization.
Scheme 9: Heterogeneous synthesis of IPs.
Scheme 10: One-pot regiospecific synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 11: Vinyl azide as an unprecedented substrate for imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 12: Radical pathway.
Scheme 13: Cu(I)-catalyzed transannulation approach for imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines.
Scheme 14: Plausible radical pathway for the synthesis of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines.
Scheme 15: A solvent-free domino reaction for imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 16: Cu-NPs-mediated synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 17: CuI-catalyzed synthesis of isoxazolylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 18: Functionalization of 4-bromo derivative via Sonogashira coupling reaction.
Scheme 19: A plausible reaction pathway.
Scheme 20: Cu(I)-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C–H amidation reaction.
Scheme 21: One-pot synthetic reaction for imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine.
Scheme 22: Plausible reaction mechanism.
Scheme 23: Cu(OAc)2-promoted synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 24: Mechanism for aminomethylation/cycloisomerization of propiolates with imines.
Scheme 25: Three-component synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Figure 3: Scope of pyridin-2(1H)-ones and acetophenones.
Scheme 26: CuO NPS-promoted A3 coupling reaction.
Scheme 27: Cu(II)-catalyzed C–N bond formation reaction.
Scheme 28: Mechanism involving Chan–Lam/Ullmann coupling.
Scheme 29: Synthesis of formyl-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 30: A tandem sp3 C–H amination reaction.
Scheme 31: Probable mechanistic approach.
Scheme 32: Dual catalytic system for imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 33: Tentative mechanism.
Scheme 34: CuO/CuAl2O4/ᴅ-glucose-promoted 3-CCR.
Scheme 35: A tandem CuOx/OMS-2-based synthetic strategy.
Figure 4: Biomimetic catalytic oxidation in the presence of electron-transfer mediators (ETMs).
Scheme 36: Control experiment.
Scheme 37: Copper-catalyzed C(sp3)–H aminatin reaction.
Scheme 38: Reaction of secondary amines.
Scheme 39: Probable mechanistic pathway.
Scheme 40: Coupling reaction of α-azidoketones.
Scheme 41: Probable pathway.
Scheme 42: Probable mechanism with free energy calculations.
Scheme 43: MCR for cyanated IP synthesis.
Scheme 44: Substrate scope for the reaction.
Scheme 45: Reaction mechanism.
Scheme 46: Probable mechanistic pathway for Cu/ZnAl2O4-catalyzed reaction.
Scheme 47: Copper-catalyzed double oxidative C–H amination reaction.
Scheme 48: Application towards different coupling reactions.
Scheme 49: Reaction mechanism.
Scheme 50: Condensation–cyclization approach for the synthesis of 1,3-diarylated imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines.
Scheme 51: Optimized reaction conditions.
Scheme 52: One-pot 2-CR.
Scheme 53: One-pot 3-CR without the isolation of chalcone.
Scheme 54: Copper–Pybox-catalyzed cyclization reaction.
Scheme 55: Mechanistic pathway catalyzed by Cu–Pybox complex.
Scheme 56: Cu(II)-promoted C(sp3)-H amination reaction.
Scheme 57: Wider substrate applicability for the reaction.
Scheme 58: Plausible reaction mechanism.
Scheme 59: CuI assisted C–N cross-coupling reaction.
Scheme 60: Probable reaction mechanism involving sp3 C–H amination.
Scheme 61: One-pot MCR-catalyzed by CoFe2O4/CNT-Cu.
Scheme 62: Mechanistic pathway.
Scheme 63: Synthetic scheme for 3-nitroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 64: Plausible mechanism for CuBr-catalyzed reaction.
Scheme 65: Regioselective synthesis of halo-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 66: Synthesis of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 67: Synthesis of diarylated compounds.
Scheme 68: CuBr2-mediated one-pot two-component oxidative coupling reaction.
Scheme 69: Decarboxylative cyclization route to synthesize 1,3-diarylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridines.
Scheme 70: Mechanistic pathway.
Scheme 71: C–H functionalization reaction of enamines to produce diversified heterocycles.
Scheme 72: A plausible mechanism.
Scheme 73: CuI-promoted aerobic oxidative cyclization reaction of ketoxime acetates and pyridines.
Scheme 74: CuI-catalyzed pathway for the formation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine.
Scheme 75: Mechanistic pathway.
Scheme 76: Mechanistic rationale for the synthesis of products.
Scheme 77: Copper-catalyzed synthesis of vinyloxy-IP.
Scheme 78: Regioselective product formation with propiolates.
Scheme 79: Proposed mechanism for vinyloxy-IP formation.
Scheme 80: Regioselective synthesis of 3-hetero-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with different reaction su...
Scheme 81: Mechanistic pathway.
Scheme 82: CuI-mediated synthesis of 3-formylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 83: Radical pathway for 3-formylated IP synthesis.
Scheme 84: Pd-catalyzed urea-cyclization reaction for IPs.
Scheme 85: Pd-catalyzed one-pot-tandem amination and intramolecular amidation reaction.
Figure 5: Scope of aniline nucleophiles.
Scheme 86: Pd–Cu-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction.
Scheme 87: One-pot amide coupling reaction for the synthesis of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines.
Scheme 88: Urea cyclization reaction for the synthesis of two series of pyridines.
Scheme 89: Amidation reaction for the synthesis of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines.
Figure 6: Amide scope.
Scheme 90: Pd NPs-catalyzed 3-component reaction for the synthesis of 2,3-diarylated IPs.
Scheme 91: Plausible mechanistic pathway for Pd NPs-catalyzed MCR.
Scheme 92: Synthesis of chromenoannulated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 93: Mechanism for the synthesis of chromeno-annulated IPs.
Scheme 94: Zinc oxide NRs-catalyzed synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]azines/diazines.
Scheme 95: Zinc oxide-catalyzed isocyanide based GBB reaction.
Scheme 96: Reaction pathway for ZnO-catalyzed GBB reaction.
Scheme 97: Mechanistic pathway.
Scheme 98: ZnO NRs-catalyzed MCR for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]azines.
Scheme 99: Ugi type GBB three-component reaction.
Scheme 100: Magnetic NPs-catalyzed synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 101: Regioselective synthesis of 2-alkoxyimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines catalyzed by Fe-SBA-15.
Scheme 102: Plausible mechanistic pathway for the synthesis of 2-alkoxyimidazopyridine.
Scheme 103: Iron-catalyzed synthetic approach.
Scheme 104: Iron-catalyzed aminooxygenation reaction.
Scheme 105: Mechanistic pathway.
Scheme 106: Rh(III)-catalyzed double C–H activation of 2-substituted imidazoles and alkynes.
Scheme 107: Plausible reaction mechanism.
Scheme 108: Rh(III)-catalyzed non-aromatic C(sp2)–H bond activation–functionalization for the synthesis of imid...
Scheme 109: Reactivity and selectivity of different substrates.
Scheme 110: Rh-catalyzed direct C–H alkynylation by Li et al.
Scheme 111: Suggested radical mechanism.
Scheme 112: Scandium(III)triflate-catalyzed one-pot reaction and its mechanism for the synthesis of benzimidazo...
Scheme 113: RuCl3-assisted Ugi-type Groebke–Blackburn condensation reaction.
Scheme 114: C-3 aroylation via Ru-catalyzed two-component reaction.
Scheme 115: Regioselective synthetic mechanism.
Scheme 116: La(III)-catalyzed one-pot GBB reaction.
Scheme 117: Mechanistic approach for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 118: Synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine using LaMnO3 NPs under neat conditions.
Scheme 119: Mechanistic approach.
Scheme 120: One-pot 3-CR for regioselective synthesis of 2-alkoxy-3-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 121: Formation of two possible products under optimization of the catalysts.
Scheme 122: Mechanistic strategy for NiFe2O4-catalyzed reaction.
Scheme 123: Two-component reaction for synthesizing imidazodipyridiniums.
Scheme 124: Mechanistic scheme for the synthesis of imidazodipyridiniums.
Scheme 125: CuI-catalyzed arylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 126: Mechanism for arylation reaction.
Scheme 127: Cupric acetate-catalyzed double carbonylation approach.
Scheme 128: Radical mechanism for double carbonylation of IP.
Scheme 129: C–S bond formation reaction catalyzed by cupric acetate.
Scheme 130: Cupric acetate-catalyzed C-3 formylation approach.
Scheme 131: Control experiments for signifying the role of DMSO and oxygen.
Scheme 132: Mechanism pathway.
Scheme 133: Copper bromide-catalyzed CDC reaction.
Scheme 134: Extension of the substrate scope.
Scheme 135: Plausible radical pathway.
Scheme 136: Transannulation reaction for the synthesis of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines.
Scheme 137: Plausible reaction pathway for denitrogenative transannulation.
Scheme 138: Cupric acetate-catalyzed C-3 carbonylation reaction.
Scheme 139: Plausible mechanism for regioselective C-3 carbonylation.
Scheme 140: Alkynylation reaction at C-2 of 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines.
Scheme 141: Two-way mechanism for C-2 alkynylation of 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines.
Scheme 142: Palladium-catalyzed SCCR approach.
Scheme 143: Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction.
Scheme 144: Reaction mechanism.
Scheme 145: A phosphine free palladium-catalyzed synthesis of C-3 arylated imidazopyridines.
Scheme 146: Palladium-mediated Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reaction.
Figure 7: Structure of the ligands optimized.
Scheme 147: Palladium acetate-catalyzed direct arylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 148: Palladium acetate-catalyzed mechanistic pathway.
Scheme 149: Palladium acetate-catalyzed regioselective arylation reported by Liu and Zhan.
Scheme 150: Mechanism for selective C-3 arylation of IP.
Scheme 151: Pd(II)-catalyzed alkenylation reaction with styrenes.
Scheme 152: Pd(II)-catalyzed alkenylation reaction with acrylates.
Scheme 153: A two way mechanism.
Scheme 154: Double C–H activation reaction catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2.
Scheme 155: Probable mechanism.
Scheme 156: Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling.
Scheme 157: Mechanistic cycle for decarboxylative arylation reaction.
Scheme 158: Ligand-free approach for arylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acids.
Scheme 159: Mechanism for ligandless arylation reaction.
Scheme 160: NHC-Pd(II) complex assisted arylation reaction.
Scheme 161: C-3 arylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with aryl bromides catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2.
Scheme 162: Pd(II)-catalyzed C-3 arylations with aryl tosylates and mesylates.
Scheme 163: CDC reaction for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 164: Plausible reaction mechanism for Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 165: Pd-catalyzed C–H amination reaction.
Scheme 166: Mechanism for C–H amination reaction.
Scheme 167: One-pot synthesis for 3,6-di- or 2,3,6-tri(hetero)arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines.
Scheme 168: C–H/C–H cross-coupling reaction of IPs and azoles catalyzed by Pd(II).
Scheme 169: Mechanistic cycle.
Scheme 170: Rh-catalyzed C–H arylation reaction.
Scheme 171: Mechanistic pathway for C–H arylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine.
Scheme 172: Rh(III)-catalyzed double C–H activation of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and alkynes.
Scheme 173: Rh(III)-catalyzed mechanistic pathway.
Scheme 174: Rh(III)-mediated oxidative coupling reaction.
Scheme 175: Reactions showing functionalization of the product obtained by the group of Kotla.
Scheme 176: Mechanism for Rh(III)-catalyzed oxidative coupling reaction.
Scheme 177: Rh(III)-catalyzed C–H activation reaction.
Scheme 178: Mechanistic cycle.
Scheme 179: Annulation reactions of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and alkynes.
Scheme 180: Two-way reaction mechanism for annulations reaction.
Scheme 181: [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2-catalyzed C–C bond formation reaction.
Scheme 182: Reported reaction mechanism.
Scheme 183: Fe(III) catalyzed C-3 formylation approach.
Scheme 184: SET mechanism-catalyzed by Fe(III).
Scheme 185: Ni(dpp)Cl2-catalyzed KTC coupling.
Scheme 186: Pd-catalyzed SM coupling.
Scheme 187: Vanadium-catalyzed coupling of IP and NMO.
Scheme 188: Mechanistic cycle.
Scheme 189: Selective C3/C5–H bond functionalizations by mono and bimetallic systems.
Scheme 190: rGO-Ni@Pd-catalyzed C–H bond arylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine.
Scheme 191: Mechanistic pathway for heterogeneously catalyzed arylation reaction.
Scheme 192: Zinc triflate-catalyzed coupling reaction of substituted propargyl alcohols.
An anomalous addition of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to a carbonyl group: the synthesis of ((3aS,7aR,E)-2-ethyl-3-oxo-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-isoindol-1-ylidene)sulfamoyl chloride
- Aytekin Köse,
- Aslı Ünal,
- Ertan Şahin,
- Uğur Bozkaya and
- Yunus Kara
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 931–936, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.89
- study, we developed a new addition reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI), starting from 2-ethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione. The addition reaction of CSI with 2-ethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione resulted in the formation of ylidenesulfamoyl chloride, whose
- exact configuration was determined by X-ray crystal analysis. We explain the mechanism of product formation supported by theoretical calculations. Keywords: addition reaction; chlorosulfonyl isocyanate; sulfamoyl chloride; theoretical calculations; Introduction Since its identification in 1959 [1
- ], chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI, 1) continues to be the most reactive isocyanate to date. CSI is relatively more reactive than alkylsulfonyl isocyanate in olefin additions [2]. Its highly reactive nature is due to the polarization of the allene double bond by the highly electronegative chlorosulfonyl group. CSI
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: The reaction of CSI with olefins.
Figure 1: The dipolar intermediate formed in the reaction of CSI with olefins.
Scheme 2: The synthesis of imide 9.
Scheme 3: The synthesis of ylidene sulfamoyl chloride 10.
Figure 2: (a) Molecular structure of racemic molecule 10 (asymmetric unit). Thermal ellipsoids are drawn at t...
Scheme 4: Mechanism for the formation of ylidenesulfamoyl chloride 10.
Figure 3: Relative energy profile of the reaction mechanism shown in Scheme 4.
Polar reactions of acyclic conjugated bisallenes
- Reiner Stamm and
- Henning Hopf
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 36–48, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.5
- and epoxides, hydrohalogenation (HCl, HBr addition), halogenation (Br2 and I2 addition), and [2 + 2] cycloaddition with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. The resulting adducts were fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods; they constitute interesting substrates for further organic
- takes place by a radical or an ionic mechanism. Addition of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to 2 The addition of heterocumulenic systems to several allenes has been studied previously. For instance, Moriconi and Kelly added chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI, 66) to monoallenes, such as tetramethyallene (65, 2,4
- conjugated dihalodienes and trienes. Finally, the reaction of 2 with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate provides a β-lactam derivative formed in a formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition via a zwitterionic intermediate. Taken together, these studies show that conjugated bisallenes [39], which are readily available by high
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: The alkylated conjugated bisallenes 1– 3 as model systems for polar reactions.
Scheme 2: Alkylation and silylation of 2.
Scheme 3: Allylation of the monoanion 4.
Scheme 4: Metalation/silylation of hydrocarbon 3.
Scheme 5: Quenching of 4 with DMF and acetone.
Scheme 6: Further reactions of 2/4 with various electrophiles.
Scheme 7: Oxidation of conjugated bisallenes with different oxidizing agents according to [26].
Scheme 8: Oxidation of 2, 7 and 5 with MMPP.
Scheme 9: Oxidation of the asymmetric bisallene 3 by air.
Scheme 10: Epoxidation of the disilylbisallenes 11 and 12.
Scheme 11: The addition of HCl and HBr to the bisallenes 2 and 5.
Scheme 12: The addition of bromine to the bisallene 2.
Scheme 13: The addition of iodine to the conjugated bisallenes 61, 2 and 3.
Scheme 14: Addition of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI, 66) to allenes.
